Percent change in the real gross domestic product of the United States in 2026, by state
All 50 U.S. states and the District of Columbia recorded positive real GDP growth in 2025, according to the BEA's April 9, 2026 release. The range was from 3.1 percent in Florida and South Carolina to 0.3 percent in North Dakota, a spread of 2.8 percentage points. The national average of 2.1 percent was lower than the 2.8 percent recorded in 2024, reflecting the impact of the October-November 2025 federal government shutdown, which subtracted approximately 1.0 percentage point from Q4 2025 national growth. Private services-producing industries (up 2.7%) were the strongest national driver, while government grew less than 0.1 percent. For global GDP context, see our world GDP by country analysis.
Real GDP Percent Change by State — Complete Data Table 2025
| Rank | State | BEA Region | Real GDP % Change 2025 | Data Type | Leading Industry 2025 |
|---|
Florida and South Carolina Lead at +3.1% — Driven by Services, Manufacturing & Population Growth
Florida (+3.1%) — Consumer Spending and Services Lead the Sun Belt
Florida tied for the highest real GDP growth in the United States in 2025 at 3.1 percent. Florida's growth was driven by strong consumer spending, particularly in housing and real estate services, tourism, professional services, and retail trade. Florida has been among the fastest-growing state economies since 2020, driven by sustained in-migration from high-cost northern states, adding workers, consumers, and tax revenue at a pace few other states can match. Florida's nominal GDP in 2025 was approximately $1.75 trillion, making it the fourth-largest state economy behind California, Texas, and New York. Florida's growth outpaced the 2.8 percent national average of 2024 and is more than 10 times the growth of the slowest state (North Dakota, +0.3%). The broader national economic context is covered in our U.S. GDP analysis.
South Carolina (+3.1%) — Manufacturing Strength, Aerospace, and Auto Assembly
South Carolina also recorded 3.1 percent real GDP growth in 2025, the highest nationally alongside Florida. South Carolina's sustained growth reflects its transformation into a major manufacturing hub: Boeing (commercial aircraft), BMW (automotive), Volvo, Michelin, and a growing medical device sector all have significant South Carolina operations. South Carolina has appeared among the fastest-growing states consistently across multiple years, it also led all states in Q1 2025 real GDP growth (+1.7%) and Q4 2024. The state's relatively low cost of living, strong port infrastructure (Port of Charleston), and business-friendly regulatory environment continue to attract manufacturing investment relocating from higher-cost states.
New York (+2.9%), Alaska (+2.8%), Utah (+2.8%)
New York's 2.9 percent growth reflects the resilience of its finance, information, and professional services sectors, despite its large government employment base being partially exposed to the federal shutdown impact. New York's nominal GDP of approximately $2.47 trillion makes it the third-largest state economy. Alaska at 2.8 percent benefited from energy sector activity and resource income. Utah at 2.8 percent continued its multi-year run as one of America's fastest-growing economies by population and GDP, driven by technology services, outdoor recreation, and professional services in the Salt Lake City metropolitan area. The broader wealth distribution context is in our U.S. millionaires analysis.
North Dakota +0.3%, DC -8.3% in Q4 2025 — Government Shutdown's Uneven Impact
The six states and the District of Columbia that grew less than 1 percent in full-year 2025 each faced specific structural challenges. North Dakota at 0.3 percent, the lowest of any state, reflected slower agricultural and energy sector performance after very strong prior-year numbers. The District of Columbia was the most dramatically affected by the October-November 2025 government shutdown: it recorded an 8.3 percent annualized decline in Q4 2025 (the worst single-state quarter in the period), as federal civilian employment is the dominant driver of DC's economy, pulling its full-year figure under 1 percent despite positive growth in other quarters. Maryland's sub-1 percent growth reflects its significant federal contractor and government employment base. West Virginia, Maine, and Wyoming face structural challenges from slower legacy industry growth. The U.S. GDP context relative to global peers is in our world GDP growth rate analysis.
The October-November 2025 federal government shutdown, which lasted from October 1 through November 12, 2025, was the most significant single event shaping state GDP disparities in 2025. BEA estimates that the shutdown subtracted approximately 1.0 percentage point from national Q4 2025 real GDP growth (which came in at only 0.5 percent annualized as a result). But the impact was highly concentrated geographically. The District of Columbia, where federal civilian employment is the single largest GDP contributor, recorded an annualized decline of 8.3 percent in Q4 2025, the worst quarterly figure for any state or district in the year. Maryland and Virginia, with large federal contractor workforces in the Washington metro area, also experienced outsized negative impacts. Because furloughed employees received back pay when the shutdown ended, the shutdown had no impact on current-dollar personal income, but it dramatically reduced output as measured by GDP, creating a temporary but significant GDP shortfall concentrated in government-heavy states. For comparison with other major economies, see our countries by GDP analysis.
BEA Regions — Far West, Southeast, and Southwest Lead at 2.3%, Plains Slowest at 1.4%
BEA organizes the 50 states and DC into eight economic regions. In 2025, three regions tied for the fastest growth: the Far West (California, Washington, Oregon, Nevada, Alaska, Hawaii) at 2.3 percent, the Southeast (Florida, Georgia, the Carolinas, Virginia, the Gulf states) at 2.3 percent, and the Southwest (Texas, Arizona, New Mexico, Oklahoma) at 2.3 percent. The Plains region (Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota) was the slowest-growing at 1.4 percent, pulled down by North Dakota's 0.3 percent and the slower agricultural sector performance across multiple Plains states. The Mideast (New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Delaware, Maryland, DC), New England, Rocky Mountain, and Great Lakes regions all fell between these extremes. The global context of GDP comparisons is covered in our GDP per capita by country analysis.
| BEA Region | Real GDP Growth 2025 | Key States | Leading Industry | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Far West | +2.3% | CA, WA, OR, AK, NV, HI | Technology, finance, energy, tourism | Tied fastest growing · Alaska energy strong · CA tech services |
| Southeast | +2.3% | FL, SC, GA, NC, TN, VA, AL | Consumer spending, manufacturing, real estate | Tied fastest · FL +3.1% and SC +3.1% elevate region |
| Southwest | +2.3% | TX, AZ, NM, OK | Energy, technology, semiconductors | Tied fastest · TX energy + tech · AZ semiconductors |
| Rocky Mountain | +2.1% | CO, UT, ID, MT, WY | Tech (CO, UT), energy, recreation | UT +2.8% leads · WY under 1% weighs on region |
| New England | +2.0% | MA, CT, NH, RI, VT, ME | Finance, biotech, education, defense | MA strong · ME under 1% · overall stable |
| Mideast | +1.9% | NY, NJ, PA, DE, MD, DC | Finance, services, government | NY +2.9% leads · DC shutdown impact · MD under 1% |
| Great Lakes | +1.9% | IL, OH, MI, WI, IN | Manufacturing, auto, professional services | Stable industrial base · auto sector recovery |
| Plains | +1.4% | IA, KS, MN, MO, NE, ND, SD | Agriculture, energy, financial services | Slowest region · ND +0.3% lowest nationally · ag sector headwinds |
| U.S. National | +2.1% | All 50 states + DC | Consumer spending, investment | All states positive · government contributed less than 0.1% |
What Drove State GDP Growth in 2025 — Services Lead, Government Lags
Nationally, real value added for private services-producing industries increased 2.7 percent in 2025, the fastest-growing broad sector. Private goods-producing industries increased 1.2 percent. Government increased less than 0.1 percent, reflecting both the federal shutdown and restrained state/local spending. At the state level, the leading contributors varied significantly by regional economic profile. States with large technology, finance, and professional services sectors (California, New York, Washington, Massachusetts) were lifted by private services. States with strong manufacturing bases (South Carolina, Michigan, Indiana) benefited from goods production growth. Energy-producing states (Texas, Oklahoma, North Dakota) had mixed results depending on commodity prices and production volumes. Agriculture-dependent states in the Plains faced slower growth due to crop price pressures. The global investment context driving U.S. growth is in our U.S. financial markets analysis.
- Private services-producing industries (+2.7% nationally): Information, finance and insurance, and professional, scientific, and technical services were leading contributors nationally and in nearly half the states. These industries powered growth in technology-heavy coastal and Sun Belt states.
- Real estate and rental and leasing: Increased in all 50 states and DC in Q1 2025 and was the leading contributor to growth in South Carolina in the difficult Q1 period. Persistent housing demand underpinned real estate GDP contributions nationwide throughout 2025.
- Manufacturing (+1.2% goods-producing): Durable-goods manufacturing increased in all 50 states in Q3 2025 and was the leading contributor in 13 states, including Arkansas and Connecticut. Auto production recovery benefited Michigan, Ohio, and Indiana.
- Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting: Led GDP growth in Plains states during strong quarters (Q2, Q3) but was also the leading source of contraction in 39 states in Q1 2025. Agricultural sector volatility was the primary driver of Plains region underperformance in 2025.
- Government (less than +0.1% nationally): The October-November 2025 federal shutdown reduced government GDP contribution to near zero for the full year, disproportionately affecting DC (-8.3% annualized in Q4), Maryland, and Virginia.
- Energy sector: Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction was a leading contributor in North Dakota, Texas, New Mexico, and Wyoming in strong quarters, but commodity price fluctuations created volatility across oil-dependent states.
2025 National GDP: +2.1% — Slower Than 2024's +2.8%, All Positive First Time Since 2021
The 2025 full-year national real GDP growth of 2.1 percent was lower than the 2.8 percent growth recorded in 2024 but represented a notable achievement: all 50 states and the District of Columbia grew in 2025 for the first time since 2021. The broad-based nature of growth contrasts sharply with earlier periods, in Q1 2025, 39 of 50 states saw quarterly real GDP decline, and the national quarterly GDP was -0.5 percent annualized, due to tariff-front-running import surges and agricultural sector weakness. The recovery was strong in Q2 (+3.8% national) and especially Q3 (+4.4% national, the best quarter of 2025), with only a slowdown in Q4 due to the federal shutdown. The full-year result reflects average of a volatile quarterly pattern. The global comparison of economic performance is covered in our world GDP rankings.
| Quarter | National Real GDP Growth | States With Growth | Highest State | Lowest State | Key Driver |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 2025 (Jan-Mar) | -0.5% (annualized) | 11 of 51 | South Carolina +1.7% | Iowa, Nebraska -6.1% | Import surge (tariff front-running), agriculture decline |
| Q2 2025 (Apr-Jun) | +3.8% (annualized) | 48 of 51 | North Dakota +7.3% | Arkansas -1.1% | Energy recovery, finance and insurance, manufacturing |
| Q3 2025 (Jul-Sep) | +4.4% (annualized) | 51 of 51 | Kansas +6.5% | North Dakota +0.4% | Consumer spending, information, finance, professional services |
| Q4 2025 (Oct-Dec) | +0.5% (annualized) | 35 of 51 | North Dakota +3.8% | DC -8.3% | Gov't shutdown impact, investment decline, exports down |
| Full Year 2025 | +2.1% (annual) | 51 of 51 | FL, SC +3.1% | North Dakota +0.3% | Consumer spending, investment · government minimal |
U.S. Real GDP Growth by State — Key Statistics 2025-2026
Frequently Asked Questions — U.S. Real GDP Growth by State 2026
Florida and South Carolina tied for the highest real GDP growth in 2025, each recording a 3.1 percent increase, the highest of any state. Florida's growth was driven by consumer spending, real estate, and tourism. South Carolina benefited from manufacturing expansion including Boeing, BMW, and Volvo facilities. Source: BEA, April 9, 2026.
U.S. real GDP grew 2.1 percent in 2025, lower than the 2.8 percent growth in 2024. Growth was driven by consumer spending and investment. Government contributed less than 0.1 percent due to the October-November 2025 federal shutdown. Private services: +2.7%. Goods-producing industries: +1.2%. Source: BEA Third Estimate, April 9, 2026.
North Dakota recorded the lowest real GDP growth in 2025 at 0.3 percent, still positive but the smallest increase of any state. Other low-growth states included Maryland, Maine, West Virginia, Wyoming, and the District of Columbia, all under 1 percent. DC had the worst single quarter at -8.3% annualized in Q4 2025 due to the federal government shutdown.
Yes. All 50 states and the District of Columbia recorded positive real GDP growth in 2025 for the first time since 2021. Growth ranged from 3.1 percent (Florida, South Carolina) to 0.3 percent (North Dakota). This broad-based growth was notable given the difficult Q1 2025 (39 states contracted in that quarter) and the Q4 2025 federal shutdown impact.
The October-November 2025 federal shutdown (Oct 1 - Nov 12) subtracted approximately 1.0 percentage point from national Q4 2025 GDP growth (which came in at only 0.5% annualized). The District of Columbia was most affected, recording a -8.3% annualized Q4 decline. Maryland and Virginia also saw disproportionate impacts due to federal contractor employment. Furloughed employees received back pay, so personal income was unaffected, but output declined.
The annual 2025 real GDP by state data was released by the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) on April 9, 2026, as part of the "GDP Third Estimate, Industries, Corporate Profits, State GDP, and State Personal Income, 4th Quarter and Year 2025" report. The next release covering Q1 2026 state GDP is scheduled for June 25, 2026. The national Q1 2026 advance estimate is scheduled for April 30, 2026.
Three BEA regions tied for fastest growth in 2025 at 2.3 percent: the Far West (CA, WA, OR, AK, NV, HI), the Southeast (FL, SC, GA, NC, VA, TN, AL, MS, AR, LA, WV, KY), and the Southwest (TX, AZ, NM, OK). The Plains region was slowest at 1.4 percent, pulled down by North Dakota (+0.3%) and slower agricultural performance.
The U.S. recorded 2.1 percent real GDP growth in 2025, which is above the IMF's estimated advanced economy average of approximately 1.5-1.8 percent for 2025 but below the global average of approximately 3.2 percent (which includes faster-growing emerging markets). The U.S. outperformed most major European economies (Germany, France, UK each grew at 1-1.5%) but trailed India (~6-7%) and China (~4-5%). Full global context in our world GDP analysis.
California's exact 2025 annual real GDP growth rate was not individually named in BEA's April 9, 2026 press release. Based on California's membership in the Far West region (which averaged +2.3% growth) and its industry profile (technology services, finance, professional services, all nationally leading sectors), BusinessStats Research estimates California's 2025 real GDP growth at approximately 2.3-2.5 percent. California's 2025 nominal GDP was approximately $4.25 trillion, the largest of any state, representing approximately 14% of the national total.
Texas's exact 2025 annual real GDP growth rate was not individually named in BEA's April 9, 2026 press release. Texas is part of the Southwest region (which averaged +2.3%). Given Texas's mixed energy performance in 2025 and strong technology/professional services sector in Dallas and Austin, BusinessStats Research estimates Texas's 2025 real GDP growth at approximately 2.3-2.5 percent. Texas's 2025 nominal GDP was approximately $2.90 trillion, the second-largest state economy behind California.
Q1 2026 GDP by state (January-March 2026) is scheduled for release on June 25, 2026 by BEA. Starting April 9, 2026, BEA began releasing national and state estimates together at the same time, a significant improvement in data availability. The national Q1 2026 advance GDP estimate is scheduled for April 30, 2026, which will give the first indication of Q1 national performance before state-level detail is available.
Quarterly context: BEA Q3 2025 State GDP Release (January 23, 2026), National +4.4%, Kansas +6.5% (highest), ND +0.4% (lowest). All states positive in Q3 2025.
Q1 2025 state context: BEA Q1 2025 State GDP Release (June 27, 2025), 39 states contracted in Q1 2025. SC highest +1.7%. Iowa and Nebraska lowest at -6.1%.
