Who Was the Most Valuable Player at World Cup 2022? Player Values
FIFA World CupPlayer Market Values2022

Market value of players at the World Cup 2022

Jude Bellingham was the most valuable player at the 2022 FIFA World Cup, with an estimated transfer value of EUR 202 million - and he was only 19 years old. The England midfielder narrowly edged Brazil's Vinicius Junior (EUR 201M) and England teammate Phil Foden (EUR 200M), with France's Kylian Mbappe fourth at EUR 185M. The rankings, from the CIES Football Observatory, marked a clear changing of the guard: ageing superstars like Messi and Ronaldo were no longer football's most valuable assets, replaced by a new generation of young attackers.

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Source: CIES Football Observatory player valuations for the 2022 World Cup, as reported by ESPN and Al Jazeera, cross-checked with Transfermarkt. The CIES model estimates transfer value from age, performance, contract length, and club, built on 1,790+ real transfers. The same dataset underlies the Statista chart "Transfer value of players at the FIFA World Cup in 2022". Values in euros, November 2022. +-5%.
Note: Values are individual player transfer-market estimates, not the squad totals covered in our squad-value report. Bellingham EUR 202M was the highest; he alone accounted for 13.5% of England's EUR 1.5B squad. Values reflect market worth and resale potential, not tournament impact - which is why champions Messi does not top the list. Updated 2026.
EUR 202MJude Bellingham - Most Valuable Player at World Cup 2022
EUR 201MVinicius Junior - Brazil's Top Player, Second Overall
EUR 185MKylian Mbappe - France's Most Valuable, 4th Overall
19Bellingham's Age - Youngest-Ever Most Valuable WC Player
EUR 165.6MHaaland - Most Valuable Player Who Missed the Tournament
13.5%Bellingham's Share of England's Entire Squad Value
EUR 202MBellingham
EUR 201MVinicius
EUR 185MMbappe
19Bellingham age

Transfer value of players at the FIFA World Cup in 2022

Individual player market value - the estimated transfer worth of a single footballer - reveals which stars carried the highest price tags at the 2022 World Cup in Qatar. Jude Bellingham topped the list at EUR 202 million, an extraordinary figure for a 19-year-old, narrowly ahead of Brazil's Vinicius Junior (EUR 201M) and England's Phil Foden (EUR 200M). These valuations come from the CIES Football Observatory, a Swiss research group whose statistical model is built on more than 1,790 real transfers and is the source behind the widely-cited data on player and squad values at Qatar 2022. Transfermarkt, the other major valuation source, produced broadly similar rankings. The combined squad values that these players contributed to are in our World Cup 2022 squad market value analysis.

The rankings marked a generational shift in football's value hierarchy. The veterans who had dominated such lists for years - Lionel Messi, Cristiano Ronaldo, Luka Modric, Neymar - had all dropped down due to age, despite remaining hugely important to their national teams. In their place stood a new wave of young attackers and midfielders, most of them aged 25 or under, whose combination of talent, youth, and long contracts made them football's most valuable assets. The FIFA world rankings of the teams these players represented are in our world ranking of national soccer teams analysis.

Crucially, player value reflects market worth and resale potential, not tournament impact. The clearest illustration: Lionel Messi won the 2022 World Cup and its Golden Ball award, yet his market value (around EUR 25-50M at age 35) was a fraction of Bellingham's. Value rewards youth and future earning potential, while the World Cup rewards present performance - and the two often diverge sharply. This is a recurring theme: the tournament's decisive players are frequently experienced veterans, while the most valuable are young stars with their best years still ahead. The prize money these players competed for is in our FIFA World Cup prize money analysis.

World Cup 2022 most valuable players overview Bellingham Vinicius Foden Mbappe top euros
Most Valuable Players at World Cup 2022 - Top 5 (EUR Millions)
Bellingham 202, Vinicius 201, Foden 200, Mbappe 185, then Jesus and Saka at 120. The four leaders were all aged 23 or under. Source: CIES Football Observatory 2022.
EUR 202M
Bellingham (top)
EUR 202M (Bellingham)
Most Valuable Player - And Only 19 Years Old at the Time
England's Jude Bellingham topped the CIES list at EUR 202M aged just 19. He scored in England's 6-2 opening win over Iran and accounted for 13.5% of England's entire squad value. Source: CIES Football Observatory 2022.
EUR 201M (Vinicius)
Vinicius Junior - Brazil's Most Valuable, Second Overall
Real Madrid's Vinicius Junior was second at EUR 201M, Brazil's most valuable player. He helped Madrid to the Champions League months earlier. Brazil exited in the quarter-finals on penalties to Croatia. Source: CIES Football Observatory 2022.
EUR 185M (Mbappe)
Kylian Mbappe - France's Top Player and Tournament Star
Mbappe was 4th overall at EUR 185M and France's most valuable. He won the Golden Boot with 8 goals, including a final hat-trick, but France lost the final to Argentina on penalties. Source: CIES Football Observatory 2022.
EUR 165.6M (Haaland)
Most Valuable Absentee - Norway Failed to Qualify
Erling Haaland was the most valuable player NOT at the tournament (EUR 165.6M), as Norway failed to qualify. Had he played, he would have ranked among the top five most valuable players. Source: Football Benchmark, Statista 2022.

The Most Valuable Players at World Cup 2022 - Full Ranking

Most Valuable Players at the 2022 World Cup (CIES Football Observatory) Click any column to sort
Rank Player Nation Club Value (EUR M)
1 Jude Bellingham England Dortmund EUR 202M
2 Vinicius Junior Brazil Real Madrid EUR 201M
3 Phil Foden England Man City EUR 200M
4 Kylian Mbappe France PSG EUR 185M
5 Gabriel Jesus Brazil Arsenal EUR 120M
6 Bukayo Saka England Arsenal EUR 120M
7 Eder Militao Brazil Real Madrid EUR 110M
8 Rodrygo Brazil Real Madrid EUR 110M
9 Federico Valverde Uruguay Real Madrid EUR 100M
10 Aurelien Tchouameni France Real Madrid EUR 100M
11 Gabriel Martinelli Brazil Arsenal EUR 100M
12 Mason Mount England Chelsea EUR 100M
13 Pedri Spain Barcelona EUR 100M

The table is dominated by England and Brazil, who between them held most of the top spots. England's "golden generation" of Bellingham, Foden, Saka, and Mount, combined with Brazil's Real Madrid and Arsenal contingent (Vinicius, Militao, Rodrygo, Jesus, Martinelli), reflected how the two nations' players were spread across Europe's wealthiest clubs. The squad-level totals that these individuals built up are in our World Cup 2022 squad market value analysis.

The 13 Most Valuable Players at World Cup 2022 Ranked

World Cup 2022 most valuable players Bellingham Vinicius Foden Mbappe ranking euros CIES individual
Most Valuable Players at World Cup 2022 (EUR Millions)
Bellingham 202, Vinicius 201, Foden 200, Mbappe 185, then a cluster at EUR 100-120M including Jesus, Saka, Militao, Rodrygo, Valverde, Tchouameni, Martinelli, Mount, Pedri. Source: CIES Football Observatory 2022.
EUR 202MBellingham (top)
4players EUR 180M+

After the top four (Bellingham, Vinicius, Foden, Mbappe), there was a steep drop to a dense cluster of players valued between EUR 100 million and EUR 120 million. This group included Brazil's Gabriel Jesus and England's Bukayo Saka (both EUR 120M), plus a wave of EUR 100M talents like Federico Valverde, Aurelien Tchouameni, Mason Mount, and Pedri. The concentration of value among young players at elite European clubs was the defining feature of the rankings. The dense cluster at EUR 100-120M showed how many genuinely elite players the modern game produces, even if only a handful reach the EUR 185M+ tier. The win probabilities these stars influenced are in our World Cup winner probability analysis.

Bellingham, Vinicius, Foden - The Top Three Separated by EUR 2M

World Cup 2022 top 3 most valuable players Bellingham Vinicius Foden Mbappe close margin euros
Top 4 Most Valuable Players - 2022 World Cup (EUR Millions)
Bellingham 202, Vinicius 201, Foden 200, Mbappe 185. The top three were separated by just EUR 2M, showing how closely the model rated football's elite young attackers and midfielders. Source: CIES Football Observatory 2022.
EUR 2M
top 3 spread

The top three were remarkably close - Bellingham (EUR 202M), Vinicius (EUR 201M), and Foden (EUR 200M) separated by just EUR 2 million. All three were under 25 (Bellingham 19, Vinicius 22, Foden 22), playing for elite clubs (Dortmund, Real Madrid, Manchester City), and contracted for several more years - the perfect profile for a high CIES valuation. Mbappe, though the tournament's standout performer, ranked fourth at EUR 185M. The all-time tournament performance of their nations is in our FIFA World Cup all-time standings analysis.

England and Brazil Dominate the Player Value Rankings

World Cup 2022 most valuable players by nation England Brazil France top players count
Top 13 Most Valuable Players by Nation - World Cup 2022
England: 4 players (Bellingham, Foden, Saka, Mount). Brazil: 5 (Vinicius, Jesus, Militao, Rodrygo, Martinelli). France: 2 (Mbappe, Tchouameni). Uruguay: 1 (Valverde). Spain: 1 (Pedri). Source: CIES Football Observatory 2022.
9 of 13
Eng + Bra

England and Brazil supplied nine of the 13 most valuable players. England's four (Bellingham, Foden, Saka, Mount) reflected the country's celebrated young generation and the Premier League premium, while Brazil's five (Vinicius, Jesus, Militao, Rodrygo, Martinelli) showcased the nation's continued production of elite attacking talent, much of it now based at Real Madrid and Arsenal. This dominance directly explains why England and Brazil also had the two most valuable squads. The squad-level analysis is in our World Cup 2022 squad market value analysis.

Real Madrid and Arsenal - The Clubs Behind the Star Players

World Cup 2022 most valuable players by club Real Madrid Arsenal Man City PSG Chelsea count
Top 13 Most Valuable Players by Club - World Cup 2022
Real Madrid: 4 (Vinicius, Militao, Rodrygo, Valverde, Tchouameni). Arsenal: 3 (Saka, Jesus, Martinelli). Man City, PSG, Dortmund, Chelsea, Barcelona: 1 each. Europe's elite clubs supplied nearly all the top players. Source: CIES Football Observatory 2022.
Real Madrid
most players

The clubs behind the players underline football's concentration of talent and wealth. Real Madrid supplied five of the 13 (Vinicius, Militao, Rodrygo, Valverde, Tchouameni), with Arsenal close behind on three (Saka, Jesus, Martinelli). The remaining players were spread across Manchester City, PSG, Borussia Dortmund, Chelsea, and Barcelona - all among Europe's wealthiest and most prestigious clubs. No player from outside Europe's top leagues made the list, underlining where football's value is concentrated. Players based in leagues outside Europe's "big five" (England, Spain, Germany, Italy, France) - including those in Brazil, Argentina, Saudi Arabia, or the United States - were valued far lower regardless of talent. The broader economics behind these clubs connect to our global economy analysis.

EUR 165M Haaland and the Stars Who Missed the World Cup

Some of football's most valuable players were absent from Qatar 2022 because their nations failed to qualify. The most valuable absentee was Erling Haaland, valued at around EUR 165.6 million, who missed out because Norway did not qualify. Had Haaland played, he would have ranked among the top five most valuable players at the tournament, alongside Bellingham, Vinicius, Foden, and Mbappe.

World Cup 2022 most valuable players missing absent Haaland Norway failed qualify euros
Most Valuable Player Who Missed World Cup 2022 vs Those Who Played
Haaland (absent, Norway): EUR 165.6M - would have been top 5. Bellingham (played): EUR 202M. Mbappe (played): EUR 185M. Haaland's absence removed one of the game's biggest stars from the tournament. Source: Football Benchmark, CIES 2022.
EUR 165.6MHaaland (absent)
Top 5where he'd rank

Haaland was not the only star to miss out. Other valuable players whose nations failed to qualify included Norway's supporting cast and players from Italy (the reigning European champions who shockingly failed to qualify for a second straight World Cup). These absences reduced the overall talent and value on display at Qatar 2022. The qualification context for the expanded 2026 tournament is in our FIFA World Cup 2026 statistics and facts analysis.

Why Messi Topped the Tournament but Not the Value List

The 2022 World Cup produced one of football's clearest demonstrations that market value and tournament impact are very different things. Lionel Messi, at 35, won the Golden Ball as the tournament's best player and lifted the trophy he had chased his entire career - yet his market value (around EUR 25-50 million) was a small fraction of Bellingham's EUR 202 million. Age is the decisive factor: valuation models heavily penalise players over 30 because their resale potential and remaining career are limited.

World Cup 2022 Messi value versus impact Golden Ball champion age market value young players
Value vs Impact - Messi and the Stars Who Outperformed Their Value
Messi (champion, Golden Ball): ~EUR 35M aged 35. Bellingham (QF exit): EUR 202M aged 19. Modric (3rd place, Croatia): ~EUR 10M aged 37. Value rewards youth; the World Cup rewards present performance. Source: CIES, Transfermarkt 2022.
EUR 35M
Messi (champion)

The same pattern applied to Croatia's Luka Modric, who at 37 inspired his team to a third-place finish and won admirers worldwide, yet was valued at around EUR 10 million - less than a twentieth of Bellingham. These cases capture a fundamental truth about football economics: the transfer market prices future potential, while tournaments reward present excellence. The most valuable players are rarely the same as the best-performing ones, especially in a World Cup where experience and big-game temperament matter enormously. The all-time standings that reward such performances are in our FIFA World Cup all-time standings analysis.

The Changing of the Guard - Football's New Most Valuable Generation

The 2022 World Cup valuations confirmed a generational handover at the top of football's value rankings. For years, the lists had been topped by Messi, Ronaldo, and Neymar - players who, in 2018, were each valued at EUR 180-200 million. By 2022, all three had fallen well down the rankings due to age, replaced by a cohort born in the late 1990s and early 2000s: Bellingham (2003), Vinicius (2000), Foden (2000), and Mbappe (1998).

football value generation shift 2018 versus 2022 Messi Ronaldo Neymar Bellingham Vinicius young
The Generational Shift - 2018 vs 2022 Most Valuable Players (EUR Millions)
2018: Mbappe/Messi/Neymar ~EUR 180-200M (Messi 31, Neymar 26). 2022: Bellingham 202 (19), Vinicius 201 (22). The old guard fell as a new generation born in the late 1990s-2000s rose. Source: Transfermarkt, CIES 2018, 2022.
2003
Bellingham born

This new generation shared a profile that maximised market value: exceptional talent demonstrated at the highest level, youth offering many years of peak performance ahead, and long contracts at elite clubs. Mbappe, the oldest of the leading group at 23, had already won a World Cup in 2018 and would go on to score a hat-trick in the 2022 final. Bellingham, the youngest at 19, would complete a EUR 100M+ move to Real Madrid the following summer, validating his tournament valuation.

The shift also reflected football's accelerating financial inflation. The EUR 202 million valuations of 2022 would have been almost unimaginable a decade earlier, when Cristiano Ronaldo's world-record transfer was EUR 94 million. Transfer fees and valuations have risen steeply, driven by booming broadcasting revenue and the spending power of the wealthiest clubs. The same inflationary forces shape the FIFA revenue picture in our FIFA total revenue analysis.

Attackers vs Midfielders - Which Positions Command the Highest Value?

A clear pattern in the World Cup 2022 valuations was the dominance of attacking and creative positions. Of the top players, the overwhelming majority were forwards, wingers, or attacking midfielders - positions that score and create goals, the most marketable and valued contributions in football. Vinicius Junior, Mbappe, Gabriel Jesus, Bukayo Saka, and Gabriel Martinelli were all attackers, while Bellingham and Foden were attacking midfielders.

Central defenders and defensive midfielders, by contrast, were valued lower despite their importance. Eder Militao (Real Madrid centre-back) at EUR 110M and Aurelien Tchouameni and Federico Valverde (midfielders) at EUR 100M were among the highest-valued non-attackers, but none approached the EUR 185-202M of the leading forwards and attacking midfielders. Goalkeepers were valued lowest of all - even the world's best, like Brazil's Alisson or Belgium's Thibaut Courtois, fell well short of the attacking stars.

World Cup 2022 player value by position attackers midfielders defenders goalkeepers highest
Top Player Value by Position - World Cup 2022 (EUR Millions)
Attacking mid (Bellingham): 202. Winger (Vinicius): 201. Forward (Mbappe): 185. Centre-back (Militao): 110. Defensive mid (Tchouameni): 100. Attacking positions command the highest valuations. Source: CIES Football Observatory 2022.
Attack
most valued

This positional hierarchy reflects how the transfer market and modern football value goalscoring and creativity above defensive solidity. Attackers and creative midfielders directly influence the most decisive moments, command the biggest fees, and carry the most commercial appeal. The pattern is consistent across valuation models and has only intensified as football's finances have grown. The broader football economics connect to our global economy analysis.

The Premier League Premium in Individual Player Values

Just as it inflated England's squad value, the Premier League premium boosted individual player valuations at World Cup 2022. Players based in England's top division - the richest league in world football - tended to carry higher valuations than comparable players elsewhere. Phil Foden (Manchester City, EUR 200M), Bukayo Saka (Arsenal, EUR 120M), Gabriel Jesus and Gabriel Martinelli (Arsenal, EUR 120M and EUR 100M), and Mason Mount (Chelsea, EUR 100M) all benefited from this effect.

World Cup 2022 Premier League based players value Foden Saka Jesus Mount premium English clubs
Premier League-Based Stars at World Cup 2022 (EUR Millions)
Phil Foden (Man City) 200, Bukayo Saka (Arsenal) 120, Gabriel Jesus (Arsenal) 120, Gabriel Martinelli (Arsenal) 100, Mason Mount (Chelsea) 100. The Premier League premium lifts the value of England-based players. Source: CIES Football Observatory 2022.
EUR 200M
Foden (top PL)

The Premier League's enormous broadcasting and commercial revenues mean its clubs can pay the highest wages and transfer fees, which in turn pushes up the market value of their players. A player performing at a similar level in a smaller league would typically be valued lower. This is why so many of the most valuable World Cup players - regardless of nationality - were based at English clubs, and why Brazil's most valuable contingent largely played for Real Madrid and Arsenal rather than in Brazil.

The effect also helps explain the rise of Jude Bellingham, who topped the list while at Borussia Dortmund but was already attracting interest from the wealthiest clubs. His EUR 202M valuation anticipated the bidding war that would see him join Real Madrid in 2023. The interplay between league wealth and player value is a defining feature of modern football economics, and one that the squad-level data reinforces in our World Cup 2022 squad market value analysis. The revenue powering these wealthy leagues connects to our FIFA total revenue analysis.

How the World Cup Changed Player Values

A World Cup is a global showcase that can dramatically shift player valuations - both up and down. Strong tournament performances at Qatar 2022 boosted several players' market values in the months that followed. Argentina's Enzo Fernandez, who emerged as one of the breakout stars and won the Young Player award, saw his value soar, leading to a club-record EUR 121 million move to Chelsea in the January 2023 transfer window - directly after the tournament.

World Cup 2022 player value rise after tournament Enzo Fernandez Chelsea transfer boost performance
How a Strong World Cup Boosted Player Values - Enzo Fernandez
Enzo Fernandez (Argentina): pre-tournament value far lower, then a EUR 121M club-record move to Chelsea in January 2023 after winning the Young Player award. Strong World Cups can transform valuations. Source: industry reports 2023.
EUR 121MEnzo to Chelsea
Jan 2023right after WC

Jude Bellingham, already the most valuable player going into the tournament, further enhanced his reputation with a goal and commanding midfield displays. His performances helped justify the EUR 100M+ fee Real Madrid paid to sign him the following summer. Morocco's run to the semi-finals lifted the profiles and values of several of their players, including Sofyan Amrabat and Achraf Hakimi, who attracted interest from Europe's biggest clubs.

Conversely, disappointing tournaments could dent valuations, though the effect is usually smaller and slower - a single poor month rarely erases a player's established market value. The transfer market tends to weight a player's full body of work over one tournament, but a World Cup remains one of the most visible stages on which to raise - or damage - a reputation, watched by billions and scouted by every major club in the world. The prize money and tournament context are in our FIFA World Cup prize money analysis, and the squad-level values in our World Cup 2022 squad market value analysis.

World Cup 2022 Player Values - Key Statistics

World Cup 2022 player value age young generation Bellingham Vinicius Foden Mbappe born year
The Top 4 Players' Ages - A Young Generation at the Top (2022)
Bellingham 19, Vinicius 22, Foden 22, Mbappe 23. All four most valuable players were 23 or under, confirming that youth and resale potential drive top valuations. Source: CIES Football Observatory 2022.
23 or under
all top 4
EUR 202M
Bellingham's Value - Highest of Any Player at the Tournament
Jude Bellingham (England, 19) topped the CIES list at EUR 202M, accounting for 13.5% of England's EUR 1.5B squad. He moved to Real Madrid the following summer for over EUR 100M. Source: CIES Football Observatory 2022.
19-23
Age Range of the Top 4 - A Clear Generational Shift
All four most valuable players (Bellingham 19, Vinicius 22, Foden 22, Mbappe 23) were 23 or under. The ageing superstars Messi, Ronaldo, and Modric had dropped down the rankings. Source: CIES Football Observatory 2022.
EUR 165.6M
Haaland - The Star Who Missed Out as Norway Failed to Qualify
Erling Haaland (EUR 165.6M) was the most valuable player absent from Qatar 2022. Had he played, he would have ranked in the top five. Italy's stars were also absent. Source: Football Benchmark, Statista 2022.
EUR 35M (Messi)
Champion's Value - Why the Best Player Wasn't the Most Valuable
Messi won the World Cup and Golden Ball at 35, yet his ~EUR 35M value was a fraction of Bellingham's. Age caps valuations regardless of quality - value rewards potential, not present impact. Source: CIES, Transfermarkt 2022.

Frequently Asked Questions - World Cup 2022 Player Values

Jude Bellingham of England, valued at EUR 202 million by the CIES Football Observatory - and he was only 19. Brazil's Vinicius Junior was second (EUR 201M) and England's Phil Foden third (EUR 200M), with the top three separated by just EUR 2 million. Kylian Mbappe was fourth at EUR 185M. Source: CIES Football Observatory 2022.

EUR 185 million - the fourth-highest of any player and France's most valuable. Mbappe won the Golden Boot with 8 goals, including a hat-trick in the final, but France lost to Argentina on penalties. Source: CIES Football Observatory 2022.

No. Despite winning the tournament and the Golden Ball, Messi (35) was not among the most valuable players because of his age. His value was around EUR 35M - a fraction of Bellingham's EUR 202M. Value reflects resale potential, not tournament impact. Source: CIES, Transfermarkt 2022.

Erling Haaland, valued at around EUR 165.6 million, who missed out because Norway failed to qualify. Had he played, he would have ranked in the top five most valuable players. Italy's stars also missed the tournament. Source: Football Benchmark, Statista 2022.

Youth is a major value driver. A 19-year-old like Bellingham offers many years of peak performance and resale potential, which valuation models reward heavily. Combined with elite talent and a long contract, this pushed his value to EUR 202M - the tournament's highest. Source: CIES Football Observatory 2022.

England and Brazil dominated, supplying nine of the top 13. England had Bellingham, Foden, Saka, and Mount; Brazil had Vinicius, Jesus, Militao, Rodrygo, and Martinelli. This mirrors their status as the two most valuable squads. Source: CIES Football Observatory 2022.

Real Madrid (five) and Arsenal (three) supplied the most. Real Madrid had Vinicius, Militao, Rodrygo, Valverde, and Tchouameni; Arsenal had Saka, Jesus, and Martinelli. All top players came from Europe's wealthiest clubs. Source: CIES Football Observatory 2022.

EUR 201 million - the second-most valuable player and Brazil's most valuable. The Real Madrid forward had won the Champions League months earlier. Brazil exited in the quarter-finals on penalties to Croatia. Source: CIES Football Observatory 2022.

Player value is one footballer's worth; squad value is the team total. Bellingham (EUR 202M) was the most valuable player, while England (EUR 1.5B) had the most valuable squad. Bellingham alone made up 13.5% of England's squad value. Source: CIES Football Observatory 2022.

Through models based on age, performance, contract length, and club. The CIES model is built on 1,790+ real transfers, correlating estimated and actual fees above 80%. Transfermarkt uses crowd-sourced input with expert moderation. No money changes hands - they are estimates of what a player would fetch on the open market. Younger players at wealthy clubs with long contracts are valued highest. Source: CIES Football Observatory 2022.

Sources

ESPN - Jude Bellingham Has Highest Transfer Value at 2022 World Cup - Primary source for individual player values (Bellingham EUR 202M, Vinicius EUR 201M, Foden EUR 200M, Mbappe EUR 185M). Published November 2022. +-0%.

Al Jazeera - The World Cup's Most Valuable Teams - Source for player values within squads (Vinicius, Mbappe), squad context. Published November 2022.

Statista / Football Benchmark - Most Valuable Players Missing the World Cup 2022 - Source for Haaland EUR 165.6M as the most valuable absent player (Norway did not qualify). Published November 2022. +-0%.

Statista / CIES Football Observatory - Transfer Value at the FIFA World Cup 2022 - Source for CIES methodology and the squad/player value dataset. Published November 2022. +-0%.

Player values are CIES Football Observatory estimates for November 2022 (cross-checked with Transfermarkt). The CIES model uses age, performance, contract length, and club, built on 1,790+ transfers. Bellingham EUR 202M was the highest. Values are euros, +-5%, and reflect market worth, not tournament impact. Messi and Modric values are approximate Transfermarkt figures. Not investment advice.
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